The size of Esen's army is unknown but a best guess puts it at some 20,000 men. The eunuch official Wang Zhen, who dominated the Ming court, encouraged the 22-year-old Emperor Yingzong of Ming to lead his own armies into battle against Esen. He personally advanced on Datong (in northern Shanxi province) in August. In July 1449, Esen Taishi launched a large-scale, three-pronged invasion of the Ming with his puppet khagan Toqtaq-Buqa.
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